Ifrs Adoption Challenges Ifrs - 755 Words

IFRS Adoption Challenges When it comes to IFRS adoption challenges our research has shown that, while the U.S. adoption of IFRS may bring many benefits, several challenges must first be overcome. Some of the most notable of these challenges include the Security Exchange Commission’s apparent diminishing support, the sheer cost of implementation for corporations, overcoming the belief that IFRS adoption would sacrifice the â€Å"gold standard† of U.S. GAAP, and a lack of enforcement. The SEC drafted its new strategic plan for the next 4 years in February 2014. In doing so, it appeared to be backing away from its earlier plan to support IFRS (Chasan, 2014). This becomes evident by contrasting the SEC’s 2010-2015 plan with its new plan. The 2010-2015 plan reads: The agency will promote high-quality financial reporting worldwide through, among other things, support for a single set of high-quality global accounting standards and promotion of the ongoing convergence initiatives between the FASB and the International Accounting Standards Board. Conversely, the SEC’s most recent plan states: The agency will work to promote higher quality financial reporting worldwide and will consider, among other things, whether a single set of high-quality global accounting standards is achievable. Clearly, the SEC’s priorities have changed regarding IFRS adoption. Not only is there waning support for IFRS from the SEC, there is also considerable opposition from corporations that would be affected byShow MoreRelatedChallenges in Adoption of Ifrs in Nigeria3452 Words   |  14 Pages1596-8303. www.transcampus.org/journals. www.ajol.info/journals/jorind THE CHALLENGES OF ADOPTING INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL REPORTING SYSTEM IN NIGERIA Anthony O. Garuba Department of Accounting and Finance, Western Delta University, Oghara, and Pat Donwa Department of Accounting, University of Benin, Benin City E-mail: anthonygaruba@yahoo.com Abstract Nigeria is going to adopt International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) from 1st January 2012. Globalization and Information and Communication TechnologyRead MoreIfrs- Problems and Challenges in First Time Adoption964 Words   |  4 PagesArticle on â€Å"IFRS- Problems and Challenges in First Time Adoption† Prepared By: Asst. Prof. Sumit Acharya. Shree Swaminarayan Institute of Management Porbandar E-mail: sumit.sim@gmail.com IFRS- Problems and Challenges in First Time Adoption * Sumitkumar S. Acharya A B S T R A C T Trust and transparency led to a discussion of the fundamental purpose of financial reporting. Consistent, comparable and understandable financial information is the lifeblood of commerce and making investmentRead MoreFacilitating The Adoption Of Ifrs869 Words   |  4 PagesFacilitating the Adoption of IFRS/IAS International financial reporting standards (IFRS) are the attempt of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to globally harmonize accounting standards and financial reports (Doupnik Perera, 2014). Such standards are principles developed by the IFRS foundation and the IASB whose goal are to implement international accounting standards (IAS) which promote transparency, accountability, and efficiency of financial reporting to ensure organizationsRead MoreGlobalization And Convergence Of Us.gaap Ifrs Standard As Prescribed By The Security And Exchange Commission ( Sec )1120 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a clear roadmap to social globalization and convergence of US.GAAP – IFRS Standard as prescribed by the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) for users that set up financial statements in accordance with IFRS as issued by IASB. This followed would lead to a worldwide adoption of IFRS over the next few years. In his work, Barry (2009, p.26-27) states, â€Å"The a dvantage of a single set of financial reporting standards are manifest, particularly as internationalization of business activitiesRead MoreIfrs Of The Us And The World : Political And Economic Forces Shape Accounting1542 Words   |  7 PagesIFRS in the US and the World Political and economic forces shape accounting. The increased worldwide integration of politics and markets raises the necessity for integration of financial reporting standards. The integration is driven by the reductions in the costs of information processing and communication. International Financial Reporting Standards are a common business affair language in the globe for easier comprehension and comparison of company accounts across international boundaries (AICPA)Read MoreAustralia s Local Government Ifrs Adoption1310 Words   |  6 Pages Summary The journal article named â€Å"The effect of IFRS Adoption on the financial reporting of local government entities† By Kamran Ahmed and Manzurul Alam aims at finding the changes of key accounting components surplus, equity and asset while changing accounting policy from Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) to International Financial Reporting System (IFRS).Introduction of International Financial Reporting System (IFRS) is thought to be a paradigm shifting event in financial reporting systemRead MoreAssinment1006 Words   |  5 PagesACCT525 Week 2 Assignment Read â€Å"New IASB Leader Embraces Challenges† which can be accessed through the DeVry online library. Choose a country that has already adopted IFRS. In 2-3 pages (12-pt type, double-spaced) answer the following questions: 1. Describe the process that your selected country went through to adopt IFRS, such as how long it took for the country to fully adopt IFRS. IFRS’s are a single set of accounting standards at a global level for all sectors. Accounting standardsRead MoreShould China Adopt International Accounting Standards?.1532 Words   |  7 Pagesthe new International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as new international accounting standards after 2001. In 2006, the Chinese government issued a new set of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises (ASBE) which are substantially consistent with IFRS. As mentioned in the scholarly article of Li and Sun (2011), there are some primary differences between Chinese accounting standards and international accounting standards: the adoption of fair value , the accounting methods for the businessRead MoreThe Impact Of Foreign Exchange Gains And Losses On Profitability1715 Words   |  7 PagesGas Industry because both IAS 21 - The effect of changes in foreign exchange rates and FAS 52 - Foreign currency translation make it a requirement for these companies to identify a single currency as the functional currency. However, while IAS 21 (IFRS) requires an entity to consider various indicators and prevailing economic circumstances in the determination of functional currency, FAS 52 (US GAAP) allows for use of judgement in the determination of the functional currency. Considering the natureRead MoreThe For The Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards Board1042 Words   |  5 Pagesin recent years, there is increasing popularity of IFRS. Based on the research(Shima and Yang 2012), there are more than 100 countries adopting the IFRS for their accounting standards. As IFRS could bring about varies advantages in comparison with other accounting standard. For Indonesian, there are three main factors encouraging it to adopt IFRS in terms of focusing on investors, transparency and comparability. 1.1 Confidence of investors IFRS could generate some benefits to investors for many

The Music Class, Music Of Active Listening, Caught Me By...

The music class, called Art of Active Listening, caught me by surprise. During the beginning weeks of the first semester, I was nervous about where this course would take me. I entered college with no background knowledge of music but was excited to take on a new challenge. This course never involved music notation or theory which was very beneficial for me, but it did provide skills and techniques that I can use throughout my everyday life. Some critical points we covered during the semester were focusing on the meter, interpreting the meaning of the lyrics, and using the background music to guide us in the direction the composer/artist wants us to go. One artist that touches on a variety of main points covered in this course is Jack Johnson. Multiple Jack Johnson songs revolve around his incredibly moving lyrics and his use of background instruments to set a tone for the listener. Some songs I will be analyzing are â€Å"Tape Deck†, â€Å"Upside Down,† â€Å"Never Kn ow,† and â€Å"Staple it Together.† Music is not all about the lyrics and message the artist is conveying. The use of active listening provides a sense of appreciation because the listener is capable of hearing things many others cannot. â€Å"Tape Deck† by Jack Johnson is easily my favorite song under the â€Å"Folk Rock / Soft Rock† genre. The instruments used by the band are the guitar, the bass, and a set of drums. The opening of the song starts with only the instruments, then after about fifteen seconds, Jack Johnson starts theShow MoreRelatedIcelt Methodology Assignment4022 Words   |  17 PagesCONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3 INTRODUCTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 CLASS PROFILE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.... 4 LESSON PLAN DESCRIPTION †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.... 4 ACHIEVEMENT OF LEARNING OBJECTIVES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF TASKS AND ACTIVITIES †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 CLASS ROOM MANAGEMENT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 TEACHER AND LEARNER LANGUAGE †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 8 STEPS FOR LINGUISTICRead MoreCarol Ann Duffy Poems Analysis8144 Words   |  33 Pagescomposed of lines of unrhymed iambic pentameter, which means lines of ten syllables with the accent on the first syllable of each pair of syllables. A common example is the work of Shakespeare, whose plays are written in this form. In the line, â€Å"If music be the food of love, play on† (Twelfth Night, act 1, scene 1, line 1), note the TA-dum TA-dum TA-dum TA-dum TA-dum rhythm. Defined more loosely, blank verse can mean any unrhymed poetry, only slight attention being given to the structure of iambicRead MoreFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 PagesAuthor: a lively overview of the author’s life. †¢ Introducing the Work: background information that provides a meaningful context in which to read the work. †¢ Before You Read and Responding pages: pre- and post-reading questions and activities. †¢ Active Reading: graphic organizers for students to complete a s they read. †¢ Test: a comprehensive two-part test of the work. Photo Credits Page 9: National Portrait Galler y, London/Superstock Glencoe/McGraw-Hill Copyright  © The McGraw-Hill CompaniesRead MoreEssay Developmental Psychology and Children43507 Words   |  175 Pagesstimulating environment, which: (Principles into Practice cards 3.2 and 3.3 ) ââ€"   ââ€"   promotes physical, mental and emotional health and well-being; has enough space to play and opportunities to be outdoors with freedom to explore and be physically active; has dynamic and flexible systems of physical organisation that support personalised learning for all children, including the gifted and talented and children with special educational needs/disabilities; provides continuity of care that enables childrenRead MoreTEFL Assignment Answers23344 Words   |  94 Pages Provide specific strategies and examples.† In answering the second part of this question, I’ll first admit that I am in the process of learning how to cut-back on Teacher Talking Time [TTT]. I have learned that this is not always an easy task for me. But, I have been serious about learning to limit my speech. I have been raised and trained in formal academic institutions of higher learning. Throughout my educational/professional career, most of my time has been spent within arenas of traditionalRead MoreSteve Jobs: A Leader Who Defied the Rule Book6762 Words   |  28 Pageseasily summarise. Apart from revolutionising the computer, music and publishing industries in his lifetime, Steve Jobs’ death has pointed out that he may have transformed just one more – the leadership industry. Here’s one way of looking at the scope of his achievement: It is the dream of any entrepreneur to effect change in an industry. Well, Jobs transformed half a dozen of them forever, from personal computers to phones, animation, music, publishing and video games. He was a great negotiator, aRead MoreSAT Top 30 Essay Evidence18536 Words   |  75 Pagesto schoolchildren everywhere as an inspiring and good-hearted man who discovered America; without him, we would never have existed as a nation. Or so we are led to believe. There’s a much darker side to old man Columbus†¦ Facts: Born to a middle-class family in Genoa (now modern Italy); as a boy and young man he worked on ships and as a business apprentice. He was an ambitious, self-educated man who was also very religious and interested in Christianity (and the spreading of it) In Columbus’sRead MoreMarketing and E-commerce Business65852 Words   |  264 Pages CHAPTER 2 E-COMMERCE BUSINESS MODELS AND CONCEPTS Opening Case: Twitter’s Business Model Insight on Society: Foursquare: Check Your Privacy at the Door Insight on Business: Crowdfunding Takes Off Insight on Technology: Battle of the Titans: Music in the Cloud Case Study: Pandora and the Freemium Business Model CHAPTER 3 E-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE: THE INTERNET, WEB, AND MOBILE PLATFORM Opening Case: Google Glass: Augment My Reality Insight on Society: Government Surveillance and RegulationRead More111135197X 38570 Essay example17696 Words   |  71 PagesI decided (OR have decided) to take a class in personal communication. I 3. Since she was a child, she has liked sports, especially water sports, such as swimming and waterskiing. I 4. Mario graduated as a veterinarian in January of last year. C 5. Correct I 6. First, we went to Italy. Then, we traveled to Austria and Germany. Finally, we visited Spain. I 7. The professor gave an introduction to the course yesterday, the first day of class. I 8. There are rumors that collegeRead MoreMontessori: Preparing a Child for the Futur8416 Words   |  34 Pageswork that attracts him.† This is a delicate process and requires many aspects to be considered before this can be achieved. Many, who have not familiar with the Montessori philosophy, have the impression that the ‘teacher’ does very little in the class, and the children are relatively unsupervised and ‘can do whatever they want.’ This misconception I have heard repeated by many, and I have tried on numerous occasions to inform those about the true Montessori philosophy and the significant function

Essay on The Death of Innocence in The Catcher in the Rye

Holden identifies with, yearns for, and despises traits of the adult and child realms. In the novel The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger, the protagonist, Holden Caulfield, fears becoming an adult who exhibits the characteristics that he holds complaints against. Throughout this Bildungsroman narrative, Holden searches for his identity. He tries to figure out his place either in the adult or child realm. Holden possesses a combination of fear and hatred for phonies. Holden uses this term to describe a wide range of people including shallow, superficial, fake, untruthful, or hypocritical individuals. One of the biggest reasons I left Elkton Hills was because I was surrounded by phonies... They were coming in the†¦show more content†¦Since he knows so many phonies he may feel that by joining the adult world, one must submit to a certain degree of phoniness, and he already has. Holden shows the characteristics of a pathological liar, `May I ask your name, dear [Mrs. Morrow]? `Rudolf Schmidt, I told her... Then I started shooting the old crap around a little bit... `your nose is bleeding, dear,...`I got hit with a snowball...One of those very icy ones.. Clearly, the way phonies lie rubs off on Holden. Since Holden shows signs of a phony, and he hates phonies, he in a sense, hates himself. Holden knows he has lost his own innocence; now he realizes he possesses the a bility to protect the innocence of other children. While narrating The Catcher in the Rye, Holden persistently uses the word phony to describe many adults. This entails that people lose their innocence when entering the adult realm. Holden experiences the corruption and cruelty of the adult world. He interacts with individuals who cause him physical and emotional pain. ...all of a sudden this booze hound her mother was married to came out on the porch and asked Jane if there were any cigarettes in the house... old Jane wouldnt answer him...Then all of a sudden, this tear plopped down on the checkerboard... I asked her... if Mr. Cudahy ¾ that was the booze hounds name ¾ had ever tried to get wise with her... she said no though. The possibility that Jane is sexually abused greatlyShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 Pagessome of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality rathe r than conformity. Similarly, The Catcher in the Rye is the story of a teenage boy who despises the phoniness of society and fears becoming just another phony adult. Both novels share similarRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Levels of Meaning902 Words   |  4 Pages Levels of Meaning in The Catcher in the Rye nbsp; Protected by a cocoon of naivetà ©, Holden Caulfield, the principal character in the novel, The Catcher in the Rye, therapeutically relates his lonely 24 hour stay in downtown New York city, experiencing the phony adult world while dealing with the death of his innocent younger brother.nbsp; Through this well-developed teenage character, JD Salinger, uses simple language and dialogue to outline many of the complex underlying problems hauntingRead MoreCatcher Rye And Perfect Day For Bananafish1562 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in The Rye and Perfect Day For Bananafish In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†,by J.D Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a troubled 16 year old boy who constantly gets kicked out of every school takes it upon himself to become â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, in reality not being real occupation but an idea he chose to adopt for himself after he heard a little boy singing in the street. The catcher in the Rye can be described in Holden’s perspective as a person, almost like a hero that helps childrenRead MoreHolden Caulfield s The Catcher Of The Rye824 Words   |  4 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye Symbolism Essay J.D Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye, is the story of Holden Caulfield’s loss of faith in society, and in particular adults. Salinger uses a number of symbols to demonstrate Holden’s rebellion against the phony facade of society and his desire to preserve the innocence of children, especially those he loves. Chief among them is Holden’s misinterpretation of Robert Burns’ poem â€Å"Comin thro’ the Rye†, wherein Holden mistakes the original line, â€Å"If a body meet aRead MoreThe Tragedy of Holden Caulfield Is That He Cannot Accept the Adult World He Is Too Old to Continue the Innocent Life of a Child1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe main concern of the novel The Catcher in the Rye is not only that the protagonist is trapped between childhood and adulthood, but also the alienation and regression caused by grief when the sufferer does not address their loss properly. Holden Caulfields nervous breakdown is largely due to the death of his you nger brother. It is because of this that he fears change and maturity so much, specifically the loss of innocence. Holden cannot accept the complexities of the world; instead, he uses phoninessRead MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIndependent Novel Study In today’s world, innocence cannot be preserved forever. As humans age, they lose their innocence due to the corruption that exists in society. This is demonstrated in the two novels, Catcher in the Rye and Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved foreverRead MoreDiscussion Questions To Consider From The Catcher In The Rye1494 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Discussion Questions to Consider from The Catcher in the Rye 1. The Catcher in the Rye centers on a young man – can women relate to this novel, too? What about Holden is gender-specific, and what is common to all teenagers? Women can relate Common to all teenagers Rebellious nature Negative thoughts Feeling inferiority Illusion of Future Curiosity Not belonging Gender-specific Not as impulsiveness as girls 2. Let’s talk about the ending to the Catcher in the Rye. Is it optimistic? Negative? Gloomy?Read MoreThe Catcher in the Rye900 Words   |  4 Pagesnovel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger, the characters help portray many themes. J.D Saligner creatively infused his work with varying themes. Holden unknowingly magnifies the importance of the themes, of which he is often times oblivious. This novel is sophisticatedly written in a manner that allows us to see all the themes clearly. The themes portrayed in the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D Salinger include phoniness, psychological alienation, and futile protection of innocence. TheRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger862 Words   |  3 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye a novel written by J.D. Salinger, the book starts off with Holden Caulfield, main protagonist, talks about his experience alone the weekend before he went home after getting kicked out of Pencey Prep.Holden seems to be embracing the growing up mentality yet he is frighten of adulthood he is trying to keep his innocence. Holden’s attitude toward life in general is perplexed. He pretends to be an adult by drinking heavily, yet he complains like a child. Holdens thoughts arentRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Analysis1434 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican literature is full of classic novels containing heroic protagonists; Holden Caulfield of The Catcher in the Rye is not one of these classic heroes. The article Some Crazy Cliff by Arthur Heiserman and James E. Miller Jr. provides one interpretation of the novel suggesting that the protagonist is unique compared to others commonly found in American literature; most heroes are seeking acceptance while Holden is seeking something within the society he is trying to leave. The novel follows Holden

Organizational and National Cultural †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Organizational and National Cultural. Answer: Introduction International business research focuses on those firms that conduct business across borders (Brush, Edelman Manolova, 2015). As opined by Wagner III Hollenbeck(2009),some reasons may be to mitigate for a small domestic market or to seek new markets for their product (Wild, Wild Han, 2010). A particular set of countries which are given particular attention in the literature are emerging markets (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2014). In the contemporary business context, firms are expanding internationally to mitigate the risk of operating in a single market along with increasing their brand identity, exposure and growth potential. There are significant advantages for firms who expand internationally. Globalization is not a process firms undertake; it is a macro/political economy process (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2014). There are significant advantages for firms who expand internationally, ultimately being linked to increased firm performance (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2014); however, t here are also barriers and challenges faced by firms operating across borders. Effective identification and implementation of the strategies are more applicable for the service industries due to the reason that the pattern or utility of the service being provided in the domestic market will be different compared to the international market (Wild, Wild Han, 2010). The taste and preference of the customers will be more diversified in the global market along with different rules and regulations in different regions. Though, international business offers opportunities for the contemporary business organizations, however, it also poses various challenges which should be effectively managed. In the recent times, organizations belonging from the developing economies are entering in the global market. This is due to the fact that, the economies of the emerging economies are rapidly increasing and organizations are gathering competitive advantages to compete in the international market. They possess some sort of competitive advantages over others due to various reasons which will be discussed later in this report (Wagner III Hollenbeck, 2009). Ola cab is one of the leading service firmsproviding app based cab service in the Indian market ("About us | Car rental | car hire | taxi India | olacabs.com", 2017). Currently they are one of the key players in the market having other global competitors. However, in the case of entering in the global market, they will have to determine diversified strategies in order to fulfill the requirement in the global market. The approach that they are maintaining currently may not prove beneficial for them in the international market. Moreove r, journey from a developing country to a developed market involves various modifications of the existing strategies being fulfilling different taste and preference pattern of the customers. The customer behavior from developing and developed countries varies to a large extent in terms of expectations and requirements. This report will discuss about the potential internationalisation of emerging market service firms, by evaluating the example of Ola Cabs possibilities for internationalisation. Moreover, the competitive advantages that the service industries belonging from the developing countries possess will also been discussed in this report. Various issues and challenges in the international business which can be faced by the organizations will also be discussed. Critical analysis will be done to determine the various aspects of international business. Internationalisation of the service firm Evidence shows that an increased number of service firms are operating across borders (Boehe, 2016). Previous research has focused on the internationalization processes and strategies of service firms (Budhwar, Debrah, 2013). Moreover, the number of internationalized service firms from Emerging Economies is increasing. This is due to the reason that in the recent times, more and more service firms are entering in the global market. In addition, the trend of service firms entering in the global market is more from the developing economies. According to Boehe, (2016), more service firms are entering in the international market to tap the resource rich countries. According to Boehe (2016), the service firms from the developing countries lacks in resources. Thus, in order to fill the gap of inadequate resources, service organizations are entering in the global market and targeting the countries with having extensive resources (Boehe, 2016). According to Xue, Zheng, Lund, (2013), China is one of the leading developing economies in the world and huge numbers of service and manufacturing firms are entering in the global market. They stated that, there is huge difference in the requirement and approach of the service and the manufacturing firms in entering in the global market. According to them, the international business strategy for the service firms requires more experience rather than tangible resources. It is due to the fact that, service organizations will need the experience in dealing with the customers of the host country which will be very different than that of their home country. On the other hand, the manufacturing firms only require the availability of their business resources in order to produce their products in the host country. According to the researchers, service firms deals directly with the customers and thus they have to determine the social and cultural background of the host country more effectivel y to provide their service accordingly. According to Jensen Petersen, (2014), service organizations from the developing economy enter in the global market to enhance thebrand value of the organizations.According to them, service organizations from the developing countries have limited opportunities in creating value and thus they enter in the global market to gather more opportunities for their value creation. With the access to the global market, service organizations will have more market base to tap and more number of customers to reach out. Thus, they will have more options in enhancing their business portfolio and increasing their brand value. According to Parola, Satta, Persico, Bella, (2013), various service firms is entering in the global market, however, the choice of their entry mode is having serious implications on the effectiveness of their international business strategies. According to them, service organizations select their entry mode strategies according to their resources, market sector and the approach of the host country. This is due to the reason that service firms having less resources will not imply the direct investment mode of entry to enter in the global market. On the other hand, if the market sector they are operating is limited to the niche sector then it is unlikely that they will invest extensively in the host country. The approach of the host country is also one of the key determinants in selecting the entry mode. According to Budhwar, Debrah, (2013), there are various challenges being faced by the organizations from the developing countries in entering in the international market. One of the key issues that they face is the lack of brand value. Due to their presence in the developing country, service organizations find difficulty in penetrating in the market of the host country. The brand of the service firm from the developing countries does not get adequate exposure in the international market which creates barriers in operating in the host country. Moreover, the lack of updated technologies and adequate financial resources is further creates issues for them in their international market. Majority of the organizations from the developed countries have the access to the latest and updated technologies. Thus, it is a major drawback for the serviceorganizations from the developing countries. Due to the reason that service industry have to directly deal with the customers, thus lack of access to latest technologies is making them trailing behind the organizations from the developed countries. Similar conclusion by Kumar, Siddharthan, (2013), regarding the challenges faced by the organizations from the developing countries. However, they have added another point which is also an important issue for the service organizations in the international business. According to them, service firms face the issues in managing the human resource in their international business. This is due to the reason that, the organizations from the developing economies lacks experience in the international business and it becomes difficult for them to manage the diversified employees in the international business along with their varied requirements. This caused internal issues and employee unrest in the organization. However, a different view given by Wang, Hong, Kafouros, Wright, (2012) states that organizations from the developing countries are also get influenced by the government policies of their home country. This is due to the reason that, government of the developing economies influences the organizations in initiating their international business activities according to their objectives. Thus, through the initiatives of the global business strategy of the organization, government tries to enhance their role in the geopolitical scenario. However, various researchers pointed out other aspects of the internationalisationof the service organizations from the developing countries. According Luo, Wang, (2012), the approach of the organizations from the developing countries is quite different from the organizations from the developed countries. This is due to the fact that the organizations from the developing countries are highly influenced by their organizational policies in home countrysuch as, influence of the work culture of the parent country on the work culture of the organization. According to them, the majority of the organizations from the developing countries are having effective establishment in their home country. On the other hand, the international market for them is not well established or it is going to be started. Thus, the policies and strategies implemented by them in initiating their policies regarding international business are according to their home country approach. However, it may pose challenge for them in the future due to the reason that in the international business, diverse approach should be initiated to effectively cater to different requirements of the customers. Thus, the unified approach of the organizations from the developing economies does not create much effectiveness in the international business. However, there are various other aspects that are also need to be considered in the international business such as technology. There are various technologies which help to enhance the performance and the effectiveness of the strategies in the international market. According to Dunning (2013), technologies help the organizations to enhance their competitiveness in the global market by reaching out to the new market more effectively. Technologies help in planning the policies regarding the international business more effectively. Thus, organizations from the developing countries can enhance their organizational performance and effectiveness with the help of the technologies. In addition, international market comprise of more diversifies customer segments and market portfolios and thus use of technologies help in gaining the effective market strategy to cater to every customer segments. As stated by Berthon, Pitt, Plangger, Shapiro, (2012), in the current scenario of international business, technologies and marketing goes hand in hand. Thus, it is important for the organizations to effectively align the available technologies with their marketing activities. They also stated that one of the important technologies being used by the contemporary business organization is the social media. Marketing activities through the social media will help the organizations in reaching out to more number of customers in the global market. Initiation of the social marketing activities will also help to gather the feedback from the customers which can be further used to modify the service accordingly. The current market trend and the taste and preference pattern of the customers can also be determined with the help of the social media marketing. This is one of the way in which technologies helps in facilitates the international business strategies. Thus, although not researched speci fically in relation to the service firm, technology has been found to be important in facilitating internationalisation According to Chen, Chiang, Storey, (2012), information technology and business analytics have positive impact on the international business policies of the organizations. According to them, initiation of information technology and business analytics will help the organization in effective management of the customers in the global market. Moreover, information technology will help to enhance the communication channel of the organization by promoting effective communication among all the stakeholders in the organizations (Ulmer, Sellnow Seeger, 2013). In the international business strategy, communication is much important due to the reason that it helps to connect the stakeholders from around the world. Thus, from the above critical analysis of the internationalisation policy of the service firms along with determining all the associated aspects, it can be concluded that organizations from the developing or emerging economies faces various problems in entering in the international ma rket more than that of the organizations from the developed economy (Brush, Edelman Manolova, 2015). In addition, the approach of the firms from both the economies in entering the international market is quite different. Hence, from the above review of literature, it is been found that service firms generally internationalise because of mitigating their small operating area as well as enhancing their brand value. However, they find the many challenges in due course of expanding their operational area. Technology has been found to facilitate in the process of entering in the international market. In this report, the case of Ola cabs will be used, and introduced in the next sections. Ola cab is being founded in India in 2010 by Bhavish Aggarwal and Ankit Bhati. At the time of their introduction, the Indian taxi sector was not matured enough and app based cab service was a new concept at that time. Thus, at their initial stage, Ola got a huge untapped market to operate (Harding, Kandlikar Gulati, 2016). They first started their journey from Mumbai and currently they are operating in more than 110 cities with having more than 6, 00,000 vehicles in their inventory.With several strategic acquisitions and service diversifications,such as acquiring the Indian cab aggregator Taxi for sure and diversifying their business in offering service to the niche market with Ola Lux, they are currently enjoying the market leadership status in the Indian cab market.Currently the net value of Ola stands at $5 billion. With the increase in number of competitors in the Indian market, Ola cab is currently facing the effect of increasing competition in the market. Thus, theyare now ini tiating the plan to enter in the global market to increase their market share. Market scenario of Indian transportation industry With the improvement and rapid growth of the road infrastructure in India, the transport industry is also going to exceptional transformation. More automobile organizations are entering in this market.With the growth of the transportation industry, the cab or taxi market is also showing huge growth. The traditional cab service in the Indian market is still now having the market leadership status (Rahman Anand, 2014). However, with the rise in various app based cab services, the taxi market is showing some intense competition in the recent years. It is being estimated that the Indian taxi market will show good growth in the next few years. Moreover, the growth in the per capita income and boom in the internet access among the common people will further help to push the growth of the cab market in India (Muralidhar, 216). However, the entry of global cab aggregator Uber has posed a huge challenge to Ola cab (Rahman Anand, 2014). With their global business experience and huge capital infrastructure, they are effectively competition for the market leadership position. Further, it is being estimated by Muralidhar (2016), that the cab service in India is still at its primary stage and there are huge opportunities to tap for the aggregators. This factor is influencing various global and domestic organizations to enter in this sector. Moreover, there are various challenges also in the Indian market that are being faced by these organizations. One of the key issues for them is the regulations and legislations in the Indian transport industry (Surie Koduganti, 2016). Moreover, the clash between the traditional taxi operators and the app based service providers is also creating negative perception about the potentiality in the Indian market. Major cab operators are incurring losses due to offering huge discounts to the customers. This is due to the reason that, in a country like India, price sensitivity is one of the key criteria for the customers(Spears, 2014). Thus, to maintain the market leadership position, aggregators have to offer services at lowe r prices to attract more customers (Spears, 2014). Thus, this is further reducing the viability of the organizations in operating in the Indian market. These are the main reasons for Ola to look up for the new markets in foreign countries such as Singapore. This will help them to reduce the risks being associated with operating in a single country. Potentiality of entering in the market of Singapore Singapore is one of the most developed economies in the Asian regions with having favorable per capita income(Gantman 2012).However, determination of the external environment of Singapore will help to determine the potentiality and the challenges to be faced by Ola cab in operating there. The political environment in Singapore is favorable and stable. Being a developed economy, the government is also more concentrated on the economic development of the country. According to the political and risk consultancy, Singapore is having low political risk (Gantman, 2012). Thus, it is an opportunity for the business organizations to enter the market of Singapore. In addition the incentives being provided by the government for investing in the market of Singapore can also be availed by Ola cab. Being a developed economy, the per capita income of the customers is more than that of the income of the home country of Ola. Thus, the business opportunities for them are more in entering the Singapore market (Rodan, 1989). Moreover, the per capita income of Singapore is the highest in the entire ASEAN regions. With having rapid industrialization, the income of the customers is further rising. Thus, the market potentiality for Ola cab is much favorable. The business friendly legislations and the low rate of taxation will further help Ola cab to effectively operate in the market of Singapore (Tan, 2012). The social environment of Singapore is liberal and inspired by the western culture. Thus, Ola cab will not find any social barriers in providing service to the market in Singapore (Vaara et al., 2012). Moreover, with the increase in the average income, the purchasing power of the customers is also increasing. Thus, market will be there for Ola cab to operate. It is also been seen that majority of the people in Singapore do not have the positive acceptance for the blue collar jobs (Webster, 2014). Thus, the service being provided by Ola will be more accepted by them due to the fact that Ola will provide convenience to the customers. Moreover, the customers in the Singapore market is already accustomed with the concept of app based cab service. Thus, it will be easy for Ola to introduce their service in the Singapore market. As earlier discussed, the economy of Singapore is developed and with the help of rapid industrialization, more and more new technologies are being made available in the country (van Stel, Millan Romn, 2014). The penetration rate of the internet service is over 70 percent. The infrastructure of information technology is also much favorable in Singapore. Thus, it is a huge opportunity for the Ola cab due to the fact the service of them is primarily based on internet access. Thus, with having the extensive internet penetration, the market will be more for them. Challenges for Ola cab in Singapore One of the key challenges that Ola cab will face in operating in the Singapore market is the presence of several competitors. Singapore is already having a few established players who are offering app based cab service (Rayle et al., 2016). Thus, it will be difficult for them to gain the market share from among the established operators. Moreover, another key challenge that will face is the increasing cost of doing business in Singapore. This is due to the reason that, with the development of the economy, the cost involved in doing business is also increasing in Singapore. Thus, Ola has to incur more cost in operating in the market of Singapore. Though the government policies in Singapore is more business friendly but in the recent time, introduction of strict legislations for the organizations in maintaining their employees may have adverse effect on the business of Ola. The market share of Ola may also take a hit due to the fact that, the recent global economic crisis had adversely affected the economy of Singapore also (Castells, Caraca Cardoso, 2014). Thus, Ola also has to face the economic crisis being occurred in the Singapore (Milioti, Karlaftis Spyropoulu, 2015). Ola will already face stiff competition in the market of Singapore upon entry. However, due to the fact that the Singapore is having open and liberal economy, there is always the risk involved regarding the entry of new competitors (Hayek, 2012). Thus, more entry of new competitors will further decrease the chance of growing market share for Ola. Another key challenge that is to be faced by Ola in having business in Singapore is the anti-foreigner sentimen t. This is due to the reason that the income inequality is widening and the foreign companies are being blamed. Competitor analysis Singapore is having large numbers of taxi and cab aggregators intensely competing in the market. Some of them are operating for years and gained enough goodwill and reputation in the market. The market is going to be more intensely competitive with the entry of the global cab aggregators (Maciejewski Bischoff, 2015). Some of the few leading cab aggregators operating in the market of Singapore are Citycab, Comfort Taxi, SMRT taxi and Transcab. Uber the global cab aggregator is also operating in this market. Currently, Uber is leading the market due to their cheap and competitive pricing strategies over their competitors (Cramer Krueger, 2016). However, Ola upon entering the market of Singapore will have to consider few factors to drive their business effectively. One of the key factors is providing smart fleet of air conditioned and properly equipped cab. In their home market of India, having air conditioned cab is being treated as luxury and not as necessity. Thus, in India, Ola has the option of availing air conditioned and non-air conditioned cab. This, strategy will not get succeed in Singapore. This is due to the fact that all the major cab aggregators there are providing air conditioned cab and it is being treated as necessity by the customers. Another factor that is to be considered is offering of eco-friendly cab to the customers. Awareness about the environment is on rise in Singapore. Adopting this concept, various cab aggregators in Singapore are offering eco-friendly cabs which runs on CNG or batteries (Lin et al., 2014). This is also helping them in creating a distinctive image in the market. Thus, Ola also has to consider innovation in their business strategy to effectively cater to the market of Singapore. Rapid innovation in providing the service to the customers will be an effective tool to gain foothold in the Singapore market (Cheng, Yang Sheu, 2014). Discussion Thus, from the above literature review with respect to the business portfolio of Ola cab from India, it can be said that Ola should consider the cultural aspect of Singapore before entering the market. This is due to the fact that, for the service industry, determination of the cultural aspect is much important as they have to directly deal with the customers and the duration of service encounter is more in the case of service industry compared to the manufacturing industry.Moreover, it is also been observed by evaluating the literatures that service organizations such as Ola cab from India are opting to enter developed economies due to the reason that developed economies are already having the required infrastructure for operation. Moreover, the per capita income of the population in the developed economy is more than that of the developing economies. Thus, the market potentiality of the service organizations such as Ola Cab will be more in the developed economies such as Singapore. Moreover, the review of the literatures helped to gain an understanding about the requirement of the service organizations especially from the developing economies in operating in the developed countries. It is been evaluated that, one of the key factors that should be considered by the service organizations in entering in the developed economies is the experience in operating in the international market. However in the case of the Ola cab, they do not have the required experience of international business. Thus, they may face some issue in coordinating various aspects in the international business in their initial stage. Another key factor that also should be considered by the service organizations in entering in the international market is the initiation of latest, updated and suitable technologies. This is due to the reason that, business scenario in the developed economies is much more developed and technologically advanced compared to the business scenario in the developing coun tries. Thus, in entering the market of Singapore Ola have to initiate latest and updated technologies to effectively coordinate their business, to stay aheadin the competition and to enhance the convenience of the customers. Thus, the more will be the latest technologies being used by them, the more will be their competitive advantages in the market of Singapore. In the above discussion of the literature, it is been noted that choice of the entry mode is also an important factor to consider for the service organizations in entering in aforeign market. As earlier discussed, Ola cab lacks experience in the international business and being from the developing countries, hey also do not have the access to the latest technologies. Thus, the entry mode should be chosen effectively by them in order to effectively operate in the market of Singapore. Various literatures have stated that management of the human resources should be done effectively by the service organizations in entering the foreign market. Thus, in the case of Ola Cab, they have to decide about their chosen approach of international human resource management. This is due to the reason that, employing people only from the market of Singapore will not be beneficial for them due to the fact that they are not aware about the organizational cultures, values and policies of Ola cab. On the other hand, employing people only from the home country will also not be beneficial for the due to the reason that, employees from the home country cannot able to effectively determine the expectation, trend and requirement of the local market. Thus, effective consideration of these factors will help them to cater to the market of Singapore efficiently. Conclusion Having analyzed the market and business potential of Ola in entering in the market of Singapore, it can be concluded that Ola is having huge opportunities in Singapore market, provided they will effectively implement their business strategies. This is due to the reason that, this report has identified various issues and challenges that may be faced by Ola in entering in the market of Singapore. Critical analysis has been done in determining the challenges and opportunities being faced by the service providers from the developing economies. This analysis helped to identify the probable issues and challenges to be faced by Ola in the global market. One of the key issues being identified is the lack of experience and resources of the organizations such as Ola which will pose a challenge for them in operating in the global market. Thus, Ola has to consider these factors before entering in the market of Singapore. Another factor that should be considered by them is the cultural aspect of Singapore. Effective determination will help to offer and design their services according to the requirement of the customers. Competitor analysis has been done in this report to determine the market scenario in Singapore. It is been analyzed that various established competitors are operating in the market and it will be huge challenge for Ola to attract market share. From the critical analysis of the literature it is been seen that, the key challenges that will be faced by Ola cab are the management of human resources in the market of Singapore and choice of the market entry policies. In the case of the market entry policies, initiation of the joint venture with any domestic firm in Singapore will be helpful and most effective for them. This is due to the reason that, as discussed earlier, Ola cab is not having experience in operating in the international market. 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